Climate change significantly affects forest ecosystems. However, little is known about whether non-native and native tree species show similar responses to global warming.

The vast variety of leaf morphology are important manifestation of plant functional diversity, and simple- and compound-leaf forms are prominent traits of leaf morphology of trees.

Soil seed bank, as the basis of all vegetation processes, can provide diaspores for population maintenance and community assembly. bv

Mongolian pine is widely planted in arid and semi-arid regions, and serves as an important wind control and sand fixation species.

Vegetation restoration in sand dune ecosystems has drawn increasing attention during the past few decades. Wind erosion, sand burial and water stress are the most important abiotic factors in sand ...